In this report for the Office of the Status of Women Denise Lievore reviews the international literature on recidivism rates and the risk factors that predict sexual, violent and general reoffending, and identifies a number of specific predictors of sexual reoffending. Victorian police data on persons apprehended for sexual assault of adults in 2001 shows that 14 per cent had previously been apprehended for sexual offences, 35 per cent had been processed for multiple sexual offences, and a large percentage had also been apprehended for violent (35 per cent) and other (55 per cent) offences during the reference period. The report provides an overview of sex offender treatment programs offered in Australian corrective services, and summarises the literature on the efficacy of such programs.