This article provides a snapshot of some of the many legal issues which confront people who have experienced primary homelessness, including a discussion of some of the driving factors underpinning this trend such as the criminalisation of homelessness, the absence of socio-economic considerations in the formulation of many laws, and discrimination on the grounds of homelessness and social status. It concludes by arguing that the best legal responses to primary homelessness will be informed and guided by a human rights framework, including the establishment of an enforceable right to adequate housing.