This report examines the influence of a range of factors on the literacy and numeracy achievement levels of Year 9 students in Australia. The data are from the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth (LSAY), which studies the progress of cohorts of young Australians as they make the transition from school to work and further education and training, beginning in Year 9. Previous reports from LSAY have shown that strong skills in literacy and numeracy assist young people in making successful transitions from school. This report examines what factors influence levels of achievement in literacy and numeracy in Year 9, by examining data on students and schools.