Amid an evolving range of international approaches, this report finds that the Australian Government is yet to provide a clear direction for AI regulation. It highlights the importance of regulatory certainty as an enabler of AI-driven productivity. It outlines five principal channels for productivity gains: labour-improving tools, automation, firm-level reorganisation, sectoral reallocation and knowledge creation.

Post-Study Work Rights (PSWRs) are granted through temporary visas that allow international students to remain and work in the host country after graduation. This research note investigates the economic consequences of extending PSWRs durations. While extending PSWRs was effective in increasing enrolments, it did not lead to clear improvements in international graduates’ labour market outcomes.

Teacher attrition – the rate at which teachers leave the profession – is often seen as a key factor behind teacher shortages in Australia. Using linked administrative tax data, this analysis offers a detailed picture of who is leaving the teaching profession, when they leave and what they do next.

Government-funded child care subsidies aim to increase maternal labour force participation and improve access to formal child care. This paper examined the effects of a major child care policy reform implemented in 2018, finding that it had no measurable effect on maternal labour supply and led to a limited increase in formal child care use.

This paper investigates the impacts of recent legislation designed to reduce 'visa hopping' in Australia by reducing onshore applications from existing visa holders. The paper forecasts the impact on Australia's skilled labour market by analysing demographic data, finding that the reform will predominately impact low-skilled migrants from low-income countries.