Modern slavery is a serious, pervasive and largely hidden human rights and safety issue. This report was commissioned to understand opportunities to improve Australia’s criminal justice response to modern slavery. The report identifies ongoing gaps in Australia’s criminal justice response to modern slavery that are preventing some victims and survivors from accessing justice and remedy.

This report presents findings on the working conditions of migrants on temporary visas in Australia. It shows how underpayment, insecure employment structures and non-compliant employer practices form a system of exploitation. The report includes recommendations on how the Australian Government can better protect migrant workers.

Australia is at a pivotal moment in strengthening its response to modern slavery. With the Australian Government commencing consultations on reforms to the federal Modern Slavery Act, the decisions made in 2026 will shape the effectiveness of Australia’s anti-slavery framework for years to come. This paper outlines two key reform measures under consideration by the...

The Human Trafficking and Modern Slavery National Minimum Dataset is a national data collection on modern slavery events. This study describes modern slavery reports received between July 2024 and June 2025, the characteristics of victim-survivors and perpetrators, the nature of Australia Government-funded support provided to victim-survivors and the outcomes of modern slavery prosecutions.

The report combines standardised data across multiple agencies to reveal trends in the nature and extent of human trafficking and modern slavery, and identify characteristics of suspected victim‑survivors and perpetrators. The findings underscore the need for data collaboration policies to inform and evaluate future strategies and address the specific vulnerabilities of different groups to modern...