This report makes the case for fundamental market reform of early childhood education and care in Australia. The current market settings are leading to higher fees, rather than driving cost effective and higher quality care. There are large benefits from reforming early childhood education and care and moving to a universal system.

Exponentially growing AI model training costs create a market entry barrier for AI start-ups, forcing them to cooperate with big tech firms to get access to computing infrastructure and end users. This Policy Brief examines competition-reducing market-entry barriers in each segment in the AI value chain.

The authors of this report argue that uncertainty about the benefits and costs of industrial policies, and limited public resources, suggest that governments should prioritise areas where existing structural challenges cannot be addressed solely by markets and other government policies.

Competition and economic dynamism should be considered complementary parts of the economic ecosystem. Improving the level of competition and dynamism within Australia's economy is a key challenge for policy-makers, and this report puts forward some practical steps that may help.

This inquiry was established to inquire into and report on all Australian government decisions relating to any proposals since 2016 for additional airline services to Australia’s airports.