This report assesses Antarctica's importance to Australian security, China’s hybrid Antarctic activity, and the need for Australia to develop a balancing strategy capable of bolstering the Antarctic Treaty and ‘pushing back’ against growing Chinese power in Antarctica.

This checklist is based on current international practices, as well as being inspired by an analysis of frequent weaknesses of international treaties.

In March 2023, history was made when the United Nations finally agreed on a new Global Ocean Treaty. This treaty is a powerful tool that can help protect at least 30% of the oceans by 2030. Time is running out, and reaching this target will require a strong and urgent political response. This report offers...

In the lead up to the next Leaders’ Summit, this paper argues that the Quad should refine its efforts to better signal intentions, build credibility and deliver regional public goods.

The Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) provides Australia with a peaceful, non-militarised south. This report asserts that Australia should front load its support for the ATS, increasing both the substance and profile of our Antarctic activities.