Australia stands on the precipice of a $400 billion annual export opportunity but market failures are holding back investment in green iron production. This report presents modelling showing how green iron can compete with fossil fuel based iron production and makes recommendations for policy changes.

Critical minerals have become a major focus in global policy and trade discussions. This outlook includes a detailed assessment of the latest market and investment trends, along with their implications for critical minerals security. It provides a snapshot of recent industry developments and offers projections for the supply and demand of key energy minerals. It...

Methane emissions from fossil fuels remain at stubbornly high levels. The report presents the latest sector-wide methane emissions estimates and examines different abatement options and associated costs. It finds that measures to tackle methane emissions are often very cost-effective and could have brought an extra 100 billion cubic metres of gas to market in 2024.

This report on the behaviour and compliance of gas pipeline service providers arises from new monitoring and reporting powers introduced to address under-regulation concerns. It finds issues such as limited transparency and variable experiences for pipeline users, but only a few cases of non-compliance.

Australia continues to subsidise fossil fuels, imposing costs not only on the budget but on the climate. This report estimates Australia’s subsidies to fossil fuel producers and major users from all governments totalled $14.9 billion in the 2024–25 financial year. The report calls for cutting back these subsidies as a priority for the next parliament.