This paper assesses the two technologies leading the decarbonisation of Australia's bus fleet, finding that battery-electric buses are significantly more cost-effective and offer greater emissions reductions than hydrogen fuel-cell electric buses, particularly when powered by renewable energy.

The fragmentation of rail presents challenges for both existing and prospective rail operators. This report outlines the case for a more effective approach, with supporting legislation, to facilitate industry’s efforts to harmonise standards and realise the benefits of greater interoperability and a more efficient, safe and productive industry. It proposes three alternate pathways to harmonisation.

As Australia’s cities continue to grow, policies that incentivise more people to walk, cycle, and ride electric devices could help reduce congestion. However, less than 1% of federal road funding is spent on active transportation. This paper argues that unless funding is increased, Australia will continue to lack the infrastructure needed to reduce car dependency.

The NSW Government requested this review, to consider reforms that would improve the efficiency, fairness, simplicity and transparency of road toll pricing in New South Wales. The review was also asked to consider relevant competition and regulation questions. The reviewers consider that reform is especially needed because the present system has diminishing legitimacy in the...

The Australian rail industry is at a critical juncture on its journey towards decarbonisation. This report seeks to identify the key challenges associated with decarbonising railways and provide government, industry and other stakeholders with a shared understanding of the actions required needed to progress the decarbonisation of rail operations.