This report draws on qualitative and quantitative data to provide an overview of the education systems of 31 European countries, and how these systems are dealing with common educational challenges.

Identified issues include addressing demographic changes resulting in a decrease in the school-aged population; improving access to, availability of and participation in pre-primary education; trends toward raising the school-leaving age to guarantee the acquisition of core competences; the development of widespread and improved professional development programs; growing school autonomy; and ways of measuring quality through external evaluation.