Allan Behm from the Canberra security consultancy firm Knowledge Pond writes that “the geophysical and ecological forces that are currently (re)shaping the physical environment add another layer of complexity to the political and economic forces that have hitherto determined the longer-term strategic prospects of Indonesia and Australia. How competently – and proactively – Indonesia and Australia deal with this complexity, inter alia, will largely determine the vitality of the bilateral strategic relationship over the next four decades or so.’’ Behm argues that if “climate change is inherently non-linear, changes in the strategic environment are inherently discontinuous.” After setting out integrated policy recommendations at national, bilateral, regional and global levels, Behm concludes by stressing the need for “a diplomatic and scientific strategy that deals with the issue proactively. To address the consequences of climate change in a piecemeal and reactive manner would almost certainly create the pre-conditions for misunderstanding and consequent miscalculation.”