On 3 May 2004, the Attorney-General first used his new, executive power to proscribe the group Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) as a 'terrorist organisation'.

Seventeen groups have been proscribed as terrorist organisations under Australian law to date, but PIJ is the only one of those groups not also listed by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) as a 'terrorist organisation'. In this Research Note Morag Donaldson examines how the Australian provision operates.