This report examines how countries can navigate risks through agile, adaptable and aligned supply chains. It explores trade dependencies, the costs of relocalisation, and how digitalisation and sustainability can shape stronger global supply chains. 

The report predicts an 18% possible decline in global trade and a 5% fall in global GDP if supply chains are relocalised, even though these measures do not consistently improve supply chain resilience. Only about 30% of global exports are overly concentrated in a few trading partners, suggesting most trade flows are still relatively well diversified. However, there has been a trend towards import concentration globally, nearly entirely driven by non-OECD countries, that could increase vulnerability to external shocks.

The report emphasises that resilience is not about eliminating risk but about managing it. 

Key recommendations for governments

• Streamline trade procedures to support agile and responsive supply chains.
• Promote international co-operation and public-private partnerships.
• Strengthen services and logistics that enable supply chain connectivity.
• Support digitalisation and cross-border data flows for better risk management.
• Design policies that balance sustainability, efficiency and resilience.