This scoping review explores the health impacts of racism in Australia, particularly as they affect Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and other negatively racialised communities. The findings aim to provide evidence-based recommendations that support the Australian Human Rights Commission’s broader goals under the National Anti-Racism Framework. The review finds that racism – both systemic and interpersonal – is a critical driver of poor health, chronic illness and premature death. 

The review synthesises evidence from 100 studies and highlights how racism contributes to mental illness, chronic disease and reduced life expectancy. It also documents widespread mistrust of healthcare systems due to repeated experiences of discrimination, neglect and stereotyping.

Recommendations are categorised into two key areas: policy and practice, and future research. The report calls for urgent reforms, such as:

• embedding cultural safety standards in healthcare
• providing accessible anti-racism training for health professionals
• expanding interpreter services to ensure equitable access
• supporting Indigenous and culturally and linguistically diverse-led health initiatives through community-led programs
• strengthening anti-discrimination laws and introducing a federal Human Rights Act
• ensuring diverse voices in policymaking and governance.