Alison Booth and Nick Carroll use unique survey data to examine the determinants of self-assessed health of Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. They explore the degree to which differences in health are due to differences in socio-economic factors, and examine the sensitivity of our results to the inclusion of 'objective' health measures. Among other things, their findings suggest that, in order to reduce the gap in health status, it is important to address disparities in socio-economic factors such as education.