Abstract: The need to conserve and reuse natural resources is a key factor in making our cities more ecologically sustainable. Urban water supply is one of the most pressing concerns which will require more than conservation or demand management if future water security is to be realised. Therefore, this paper aims to clarify several key aspects of public acceptance of alternative water sources that are currently under consideration in different parts of Australia. Firstly, the acceptability of different scenarios are reported for recycling water from effluent, stormwater, greywater, as well as the capture of rainwater and desalination of seawater. These data for each of seven Australian capital cities that have experienced water restrictions during the prolonged drought are drawn from the first national survey (n=2504) on this topic. Secondly, levels of confidence in using recycled water are explored, derived from three case studies of ‘third pipe’ (or dual reticulation) systems in the Rouse Hill area and Newington in Sydney and Mawson Lakes in Adelaide. Thirdly, the paper summarises national survey respondents’ reasons for hesitation or concern. Finally, the extent to which the general population were previously aware of the practice of recycling water is reported for each city. While the response to drinking water sourced from effluent or stormwater mirrors the outcome of the Toowoomba proposal, there is little evidence here that public perceptions justify hesitation in factoring in other alternatives.