Governments have moved rapidly from experimenting with artificial intelligence (AI) to deploying it. But a gap has emerged between governments’ ambition to scale AI and their ability to deploy systems with confidence. This report finds that most governments have established AI ethics principles, governance models or national frameworks. The challenge lies in day-to-day execution.

Technological progress is accelerating, reshaping economies and societies. As new opportunities emerge, the frameworks that govern innovation are becoming just as important as the innovations themselves. This report explores how regulation is evolving from a set of static rules into a form of modern infrastructure – one that enables trust, supports inclusion and strengthens competitiveness.

Artificial intelligence (AI) could help to address sluggish productivity growth in OECD countries. This report provides evidence for policymakers, business leaders and researchers to help understand the adoption of AI in enterprises and the policies needed to enable this. Achieving higher rates of AI adoption could raise labour productivity and have other desirable outcomes.

There is a strong case for investing in climate mitigation and adaptation based on the severe economic consequences alone. To limit global warming to 2°C by 2100, and avoid a reduction in cumulative GDP of up to 27%, investment in mitigation must increase ninefold and adaptation thirteenfold by 2050. The report identifies priority levers to...

This report recognises that the federal, state and territory governments have, or are in the process of, setting admirable goals to reduce plastic waste. This report aims to contribute to this process by providing recommendations on the most problematic plastics leaking into the environment to enable government to confidently take regulatory action.