Image-based abuse (IBA) refers to the non-consensual taking, sharing or threatening to share nude or sexual images. This paper presents findings from a national study examining bystanders’ experiences of, and responses to, witnessing IBA.

Researchers from the SPRC and the Gendered Violence Research Network at UNSW Sydney undertook this evaluation of 1800RESPECT, the national online and telephone counselling service for people affected by domestic and family violence and sexual assault.