This independent review examined the operation and effectiveness of the Online Safety Act 2021 and considered whether additional protections are needed to combat online harms. The report makes 67 recommendations to strengthen Australia’s online safety laws.

As the number of scams have grown over the past decade, Australian laws have not kept pace. This framework introduces strong protections for consumers across the economy and seeks to reduce the harms caused by scams. It sets out consistent and enforceable obligations for businesses in key sectors where scammers operate.

Given increasing use of the internet by minors and their vulnerability to technology-facilitated offending, understanding the impacts of sexual extortion is crucial in guiding interventions that protect children. This systematic review finds that sexual extortion is a significant online threat to children and that victims suffer diverse short and long-term harms. The findings support targeted...

An examination of the threat of disinformation and cognitive warfare in the Indo-Pacific, the brief unpacks how these tactics are reshaping national security and undermining democratic institutions. Drawing on global examples, it highlights the implications for regional stability and democratic resilience.

This briefing paper explores the impact of AI-enabled disinformation and fake content on democratic processes and investigates the potential obligations of states to protect elections from it. The paper argues that although not currently legally bound to do so, states should take proactive measures to defend elections from AI misuse.