Unprecedented levels of urbanisation coupled with revolutions in transport, energy, and data technology offer new opportunities to reshape cities. Cities of the future need to be planned strategically to support environmental and social well-being as well as economic productivity. To do so, cities must encourage compact and connected urban growth.

The slides were to teach the fundamentals of energy efficiency policies that can be used to reduce energy use in buildings and how energy efficiency policies can enable effective investment and finance for energy efficiency in buildings.

This research investigated social impact investment (SII), which aims to generate and actively measure social and financial returns. There are several promising SII models—including housing supply bonds, property funds, funding social enterprises, social impact bonds and social impact loans.

This paper examines the distribution of borrowing rates paid by companies, and the relationship between corporate borrowing rates and fixed capital investment, using a unique hand-collected dataset.

Analysis of energy renovation costs, as provided by the French Observatory for Low Energy Buildings.