As part of a series looking at what needs to be done to strengthen Australia’s defence, this paper notes the vulnerabilities of Australia's military that will affect its ability to sustain operations during a conflict involving major powers in the region. It makes six recommendations.

Fuel efficiency standards in Australia have been recommended by two separate government inquiries, committed to by multiple governments but never adopted, and recommended in multiple government reports stretching back over a decade. This paper argues that introducing fleet fuel efficiency standards would reduce transport emissions, save motorist money on fuel, and reduce Australia’s reliance on...

The rapid and long-term shifts occurring in the global energy system are due to technological advances and the availability of cheaper renewable fuels. The author of this paper argues that Australia’s dependence on imports for liquid-fuel security places the ADF at risk.

Australia is precariously dependent on imported fuel. This paper argues that demand-side solutions, particularly electrifying transport, should be adopted to improve Australia’s fuel security and increase energy independence.

This strategy is the Australian government’s technology-led approach to reducing emissions in the transport sector. Under this strategy, the government will work with the private sector to increase the uptake of hybrid, hydrogen, electric and bio-fuelled vehicles.