Online media manipulators often use specific techniques to hide the source of the false and problematic information they circulate. The authors label this strategy “source hacking.” Typically used during breaking news events, source hacking targets journalists and other influential public figures to pick up falsehoods and unknowingly amplify them to the public.

In this report, the authors investigate fake news landscapes around the world and analyses a range of measures adopted by governments to combat disinformation.

Foreign interference in democratic elections has put disinformation at the forefront of policy in Europe and the United States. The second edition of Democratic defense against disinformation takes stock of how governments, multinational institutions, civil-society groups, and the private sector have responded to the disinformation challenge.

The goal of this report is to provide an exploration of access to information as a driver of development. In doing so, it seeks to inform decision-making about the implementation of the SDGs. It is intended for policymakers and advisers, as well as anyone who is seeking more effective ways to support development, and the...

This report shows that national student performance in ICT literacy has remained stable, compared to the previous sample assessments held in 2014.