Governments have moved rapidly from experimenting with artificial intelligence (AI) to deploying it. But a gap has emerged between governments’ ambition to scale AI and their ability to deploy systems with confidence. This report finds that most governments have established AI ethics principles, governance models or national frameworks. The challenge lies in day-to-day execution.

This report summarises the research evidence on protective factors for parent and child wellbeing in the early years (pre-birth to 5 years of age). The evidence shows that a range of programs and interventions can be effective in improving child, parent and family outcomes.

Australia, Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom have been among the OECD countries with the strongest growth in international student enrolment over the last decade. This report examines the journey and challenges of international students. By comparing six major OECD study destinations, the report highlights both shared challenges and emerging policy responses.

Governments, academics and communities have defined social cohesion through multiple, overlapping lenses. This paper aims to identify tensions in current definitional frameworks. It seeks to inform policy discussions on how to operationalise social cohesion as part of a wider system approach. The paper summarises four international case studies and measurement approaches, including Australia.

Large portions of spending by national governments can be considered mandatory. Drawing on practices from eight OECD countries, this paper examines how governments define, monitor and review mandatory spending. The analysis suggests that mandatory spending should be reviewed regularly, included in fiscal rules and budget processes, and be subject to clear accountabilities to parliament.