This paper proposed a two-level model based on fuzzy logic technique for evaluating Causes of Wastes (CWs) and lean implementation in construction projects. Results demonstrated that the expected lean effect is found with a positive correlation with various levels of wastes and can be improved by increasing controllability and lean implementation levels.

There is growing concern about Iranian threats to Persian Gulf countries, particularly Saudi Arabia. This briefing paper assesses the Iranian threat to Saudi Arabia by answering several questions. What types of strategies, tactics, and capabilities could Iran use against Saudi Arabia? What are potential critical infrastructure vulnerabilities in Saudi Arabia, and how serious are they?

This paper argues that Saudi King Salman’s recent emergency meetings may have been in response to attacks on Saudi assets, but it is likely that his goals will be overtaken by larger ones that could be played out on a much-larger scale.

Since 2017, Qatar has been subject to a boycott by Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Bahrain and Egypt (the Arab Quartet), creating a deep rift in a region already beset by civil wars and insurgencies. This paper examines the causes and dynamics of this dispute in detail and identifies elements required to reach a solution.

Social responsibility (SR) is still not effectively implemented within mega-construction projects. This study investigates critical barriers to it in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Findings contribute to a deeper understanding of critical SR implementation barriers. Identification and ranking allows decision-makers to develop strategies to tackle them.