In 1997, the Australian Government initiated a high-level bilateral dialogue on human rights with China. Similar formal talks commenced with Vietnam in May 2002 and with Iran in December 2002.

The aim of the dialogues is to hold frank and constructive discussions to demonstrate the commitment of both countries to the talks and the overall strengths of their bilateral ties with Australia.

Since 1997, there have been nine rounds of talks between Australia and China, three between Australia and Vietnam, and one with Iran. This inquiry was established to review Australia's human rights dialogue process to date.

The committee examined five areas: parliamentary participation and oversight; involvement of non-government organisations; the role and obligations of participating agencies; reporting requirements and mechanisms; and the monitoring and evaluation of outcomes.