The NCAS is a population-based survey of Australians’ knowledge and attitudes regarding violence against women, gender equality and intention to act as positive bystanders.

The purpose of the project was to determine whether it would be feasible and useful to include social norms measures in the 2021 NCAS questionnaire.

The project:

• conducted a review of the conceptual and empirical literature on social norms measures with a particular focus on studies that address violence against women and gender equality, particularly population-level survey research;
• provides an assessment of the feasibility of including a measure of social norms in the 2021 NCAS;
• documents existing social norms measures that could be used or adapted for use in the NCAS and identifies what additional work would be needed to do so.

This report recommends that a social norms measure specific to the Australian context is developed as a long-term goal, but is beyond the scope and resources of the 2021 NCAS.