This review explores the extent to which we can better identify what works in changing community infrastructure and improving wellbeing.

This review is an update of the original 2018 systematic review, incorporating evaluations published in the past five years, from academic and grey literature, demonstrating how the evidence base has grown.

Please note that this report incorporates the studies and findings from the original 2018 review. The refresh covers interventions operating at the neighbourhood level, rather than city or national level:

• Public places and ‘bumping’ places designed for people to meet, including streets, squares, parks, play areas, village halls and community centres.
• Places where people meet informally or are used as meeting places, such as cafes, pubs, libraries, schools and churches.
• Services that can facilitate access to places to meet, including urban design, landscape architecture and public art, transport, public health organisations, subsidised housing sites, and bus routes.