This report summarises extensive experimental research and advocacy over 2023 and 2024. It explores how both digital platforms’ systems and Australia’s voluntary regulatory framework are not ‘fit for purpose’ when it comes to mitigating the spread of misinformation and disinformation.

Specifically, it documents systemic failings in:

• Platforms’ systems and processes regarding misinformation and disinformation. Notably, platforms’ content moderation systems and advertising approval systems failed to mitigate risks of spreading misinformation.
• Current oversight and transparency measures, which are in place under the Australian Code of Practice on Disinformation and Misinformation. There were strong discrepancies between platforms’ statements in transparency reports and evidentiary testing, and the complaints process was unable to adequately resolve issues.

Combined, this documents a complete failure of the current approach to mitigating against misinformation and disinformation in Australia.

Key recommendations:

1. Placing clear responsibilities on platforms to reduce the risks posed by misinformation and disinformation.
2. Requiring proactive risk assessments for larger platforms.
3. Requiring platforms to take fair and reasonable steps to mitigate against the risks identified in their risk assessment.
4. An effective transparency regime.
5. Effective accountability, including enabling regulators to take meaningful action against platforms.