Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare with a promise to improve clinical decision-making, patient outcomes and hospital systems’ efficiency. Yet, challenges related to patient safety and model bias, validation and integration into existing systems remain and must be addressed for the responsible and effective implementation of AI into the Australian hospital system. 

This briefing calls for a targeted, problem-driven strategy, supported by robust AI governance frameworks and a unified, accountable national strategy to develop an AI ecosystem that is safe, effective and aligned with the specific needs of Australia’s hospital system. Through an appendicitis case study, the brief offers specific actions that will contribute to such a strategy. 

The case study demonstrates AI’s potential to enhance clinical decision-making and patient outcomes, providing valuable local insights to support broader AI adoption in healthcare.