In an increasingly complex geopolitical environment, critical minerals have moved to the forefront of countries’ energy, economic and national security agendas – leading to increased attention to supply chain diversification and resilience. 

This outlook presents the latest data and analysis on supply, demand, investment and more for key energy minerals, including copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt, graphite and rare earth elements. It also examines market trends for a broader range of strategic minerals that play vital roles across the energy, high-tech, aerospace and advanced manufacturing industries.

The report provides a snapshot of recent industry developments and offers medium- and long-term projections for the supply and demand of key energy minerals, taking into account the latest policy and technology developments. 

This edition includes a chapter examining the policy implications of building resilient and diversified supply chains, including emergency preparedness, policy and market frameworks, and technology, equipment and workforce issues. The report sees a strong case for policymakers to focus more attention on strategic minor minerals – those for which markets are small, but any supply disruptions could carry an outsize economic impact.