This report reviews the international and Australian research literature on numeracy in early childhood that complements the Department of Education, Science and Training's major review of the numeracy literature being undertaken by Deakin University. While this major review is designed to 'map the territory' in numeracy, this report is designed to provide early childhood professionals and parents with a basis for identifying effective numeracy strategies. It is not an exhaustive listing of all available materials on research and practice, but is an overview of the research and practice in early childhood numeracy.