Addressing the risks of fraud and corruption against the Commonwealth is crucial to the Australian Government. This report presents the results from the 2024–25 census on fraud against the Commonwealth, which collected responses from 162 Australian Government entities. Most external frauds where the allegation was substantiated targeted program payments.

Modern slavery is a serious, pervasive and largely hidden human rights and safety issue. This report was commissioned to understand opportunities to improve Australia’s criminal justice response to modern slavery. The report identifies ongoing gaps in Australia’s criminal justice response to modern slavery that are preventing some victims and survivors from accessing justice and remedy.

This statistical report covers sexual offending proceeded against by police in all Australian states and territories for the period 1 July 2023 to 30 June 2024. The report provides data on sexual offenders, sexual offence victims, youth offenders and adult offenders. In 2023–24, police proceeded against 10,359 individuals for sexual offences in Australia.

Despite increasing research on online child sexual exploitation, limited research compares female and male perpetrators. This study examined 116 females and 116 age-matched males known to police in Victoria for online child sexual exploitation on group characteristics and risk of reoffending. The findings have implications for policy and highlight several important avenues for future research.

Over the past decade, cyber-scam centres dedicated to running online scams at a massive scale have proliferated across areas of South-East Asia. These centres themselves have become sites of significant exploitation. This research sought to understand women and girls’ experiences of trafficking into cyber-scam centres for forced criminality in the South East Asian region.