This report summarises key findings from case studies in six countries (China, India, Poland, Germany, Australia and South Africa), exploring pathways to implement coal transitions.

Coal production in Australia is likely to be on a long-term declining trajectory. Export demand is a function of economic, technological and policy developments in other countries, all of which point to the likelihood of falling coal use over time, especially for steam coal.

This report aims to provide a deeper understanding of what a 'just transition' away from coal production and use might look like in practice. It provides six historical case studies of regional coal mining transitions that have occurred or are ongoing in Europe and the United States in recent decades.