This report examines the latest available data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (for 2019-20, adjusting forward to 2022-23 for wealth) to identify who stands where on the income and wealth ladders and the main causes of income and wealth inequality.

In many countries, public expenditure, including transfers, plays a major role in reducing income inequality. This report reviews the various ways that budgeting can be used to this end. The report also discusses the tools, frameworks and data that are needed to take distributional considerations into account as part of evidence-informed policy-making.

This paper compares the electorate distribution of the modified Stage 3 income tax cuts with the electoral distribution of the original Stage 3.

To what extent can a progressive tax and transfer system moderate the distributional impacts of uneven economic growth? The authors revisit this question in the unique Australian context of three decades of uninterrupted economic growth from 1991 to 2020.

The gap between those with the most and those with the least has blown out over the past two decades in Australia, with the average wealth of the highest 20% growing at four times the rate of the lowest, this research by ACOSS and UNSW Sydney shows.