Interrogating both the extent of labour shortages in the horticulture industry for pickers, packers and graders and the level of non-compliance with labour standards, this report examines horticulture labour supply to develop an evidence base for analysing the effectiveness of existing practices and to identify areas for potential reform.

The main threats to food and water security in South-East Asia in the short- to medium-term, are demographic stresses, labour-force availability, crop and labour productivity and natural disasters. In the long-term, climate change threatens to exacerbate these issues and create a number of new problems.

This report focuses on technical opportunities and policies for cost-effective scenarios for meeting food, land use, and greenhouse gas emissions goals in 2050 in ways that can also help to alleviate poverty and do not exacerbate water challenges.

Access to safe, nutritious and healthy food is difficult for women living in poverty. Acknowledgement of challenges that contribute to women’s food insecurity by all stakeholders is essential to address the problem and build sustainable actions and solutions.

Climate disruption and its consequences are an emerging public health crisis. While much emphasis is placed on adaptation and mitigation, there is no long‐term plan to support those who face environmental displacement.