Australian migration has recently been extremely volatile. Currently, there are two main criticisms of the Australian Government’s migration policies. This paper reviews the evidence and draws conclusions. It finds that the post-pandemic surge in net overseas migration was driven by global forces more than local ones.

The sudden rise of net overseas migration in Australia to over half a million in 2022-23 has given rise to a much broader debate on the benefits of immigration. This paper provides a discussion of the rationales of the Australian migration program and stresses the importance of drawing a distinction between temporary and permanent migration.

Australia’s approach to integration also matters because the way that countries treat newcomers underpins social cohesion and inclusion. This policy brief provides practical solutions to improve the settlement and integration of migrants and refugees in Australia.

This report looks at opportunities in the energy sector in the transition to net-zero emissions by 2050. The report also focuses on how best to support workers and communities in traditional fossil-fuel industries.

This report presents an overview of COVID-19 border policies in the APEC region as of mid-late-2022, analyses travel trends to the region, and estimates the impacts of border policies on visitor arrivals.