An exploration of how Australia’s population is changing and what the future might look like. The population surpassed 27.5 million in 2025 and growth will slow due to lower migration and fertility. The report includes sections on ageing, life expectancy and mortality, and introduces new 40‑year projections for states, territories, cities and regions.

This paper explores how regional development policies can enhance resilience and competitiveness in the face of global shocks, transitions and persistent inequalities. It argues for a shift toward place-based strategies that address spatial disparities and leverage local assets to drive sustainable productivity growth.

An exploration of Australia’s population dynamics following the COVID‑19 pandemic. Australia’s population is projected to grow from 27.1 million people in 2024 to 31.3 million people by 2034–35. Net overseas migration peaked in 2022–23 and is declining.

This discussion paper argues that assumptions of future water abundance are dangerously flawed. It presents original data analysis of Australia's water use over the past four decades, and summarises recent studies of the impacts of climate change on water availability. The paper reviews recent urban water demand and population projections and examines the costs and...

The second progress report on the Regionalisation Ambition framework shows mixed results across the plan's 20 targets. The report highlights key achievements for creating a more prosperous, productive and inclusive regional Australia, how each target is tracking against capital cities, and high-level policy changes that impact the framework.