This paper explores how regional development policies can enhance resilience and competitiveness in the face of global shocks, transitions and persistent inequalities. It argues for a shift toward place-based strategies that address spatial disparities and leverage local assets to drive sustainable productivity growth. The paper outlines how digitalisation, the green transition and demographic change – including ageing and population loss – require tailored regional responses.

Emphasis is placed on empowering subnational governments through improved governance, financing and institutional capacity to implement effective regional strategies. Drawing on OECD analytical work, policy guidance and standards, the paper provides actionable insights for aligning national and regional priorities, enhancing public investment and fostering inclusive, future-ready regions. It positions regional policy as a cornerstone of national competitiveness and resilience agendas in an increasingly complex and interconnected world.