This literature review forms part of the evidence base to a ‘provider driven’ project to optimise the supports to people with a psychosocial disability within the NDIS. A primary aim of the project is to advocate for alternative funding and support models predicated on an investment driven approach that identifies gains over a lifetime. This alternative approach is intended to result in improved outcomes for participants compared to those currently being achieved in existing psychosocial support programs and in the trial NDIS sites.