Recent drought conditions have raised our awareness that present demands on Australian water utilities are heavy and set to intensify. Indeed, water and wastewater sectors are amongst the fastest growing utility sectors. As part of integrated water cycle management, realising the potential of water recycling projects is one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century. Internationally, non-potable reuse is widely practiced but to what extent will these schemes be implemented in Australia, asks Sophia Dimitriadis.