This paper examines international experiences with truth and reconciliation commissions (TRC), focusing on case studies from South Africa, Canada and Norway. International experience demonstrates the potential of TRCs to foster public dialogue, validate lived experiences and recommend structural changes. 

For parliamentarians and the general public, an examination of these experiences may foster a deeper understanding of how truth-telling mechanisms could contribute to national reconciliation, policy reform and historical accountability in Australia.

Key points

• Truth and reconciliation commissions (TRC), such as those in South Africa, Canada and Norway, offer valuable lessons for Australia’s truth-telling journey, especially in balancing institutional reform with community-based reconciliation processes.
• TRCs in those countries have effectively documented historical injustices and acknowledged victims’ suffering, fostering national healing through public hearings and reports.
• Many TRCs face difficulties with the slow and inconsistent implementation of recommendations for reparations and justice, leaving victims feeling neglected and undermining the commissions’ efforts.
• While some victims find TRC processes therapeutic, others experience retraumatisation, highlighting the need for processes that minimise harm and provide psychological support.
• Successful TRCs require active public engagement and trust, yet many struggle with public perception and inclusivity, affecting their societal impact.
• Incorporating traditional knowledge into TRC processes may improve cultural appropriateness and enhance reconciliation efforts.
• TRCs mark an important milestone on a long journey towards restorative justice and reconciliation, but sustained commitment from governments and societies is needed to implement recommendations and support victims and survivors.