Understanding population movements between Australia's capital cities and regional areas is crucial for accurate population forecasting, planning, supporting regional growth and managing community changes.

This research looked at why people move between urban and regional Australia, and identified the social, economic, demographic and policy factors driving these population shifts. 

Key findings

• Apart from 2013, since 2007 more people have moved from capital cities than to them. The number of people moving to capital cities peaked in 2016.
• People aged 65 and over were more likely to leave cities, while those aged 16–25 were more likely to move to capital cities.
• People leaving cities had higher household wealth and income compared to those moving to cities. Since 2014, more people from top income groups have been moving out, a trend that began before the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Most people (about 70%) moving to capital cities rent privately. In contrast, more people leaving cities become homeowners. Around 38% of those moving from cities own or are paying off a home, compared to 23% of those moving to cities.
• Employment is a key reason people move to cities.
• Other reasons for moving included housing, lifestyle, education and health.
• Policies to attract regional migration can be improved.