This report provides up-to-date monitoring and evaluation of agricultural policies across 54 countries from across the world, including the 38 OECD countries and the five non-OECD EU Member States, and eleven emerging and developing economies. The report serves as a global reference on government support policies and includes a chapter on Australia. This year’s edition of the report focuses on the interlinkages between trade, agriculture and the environment. Integrating environmental objectives into trade policies in agriculture and food presents opportunities and challenges. 

Chapter 1 focuses on the trade and environment nexus by examining the evolution of agro-food trade since the establishment of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture. Chapter 2 provides a high-level analysis of developments in the level and structure of government support to agriculture. Chapter 3 reviews policy developments in 2024-25 across the countries covered. The report then includes individual chapters for each of the countries covered. Country chapters begin with snapshots containing brief summaries of developments in agricultural policies and support as well as country-specific policy recommendations. 

Key findings

• Support to agriculture remains high, but has declined relative to the size of the sector.
• Governments need coherent agricultural and environmental policies that boost innovation and minimise trade distortions to ensure sustainable global food security.
• Government support to agriculture remains above pre-pandemic levels in nominal terms at USD 842 billion per year while falling relative to the sector size.
• Governments are increasingly using trade policies and agreements to pursue environmental goals.

Recommendations for government

• Reform, reorient and where possible phase out the most distorting forms of support.
• Invest more in innovation and sustainable productivity growth.
• Promote broad approaches to resilience that ensure preparedness.
• Promote environmental protection and the mitigation of negative environmental impacts.