This report reflects the voices and experiences of hundreds of people from Jewish, Muslim, Palestinian, Arab and Israeli communities in Australia, based on consultation undertaken between February and August 2025. It is the most comprehensive report of its kind since the 7 October 2023 attack on Israel by Hamas and the subsequent retaliation by Israel.

The insights shared by project participants reveal the profound pain and distress caused by increased racism targeting the affected communities. The report also reveals how racism has escalated in these communities.

Racism is rooted in the structures and systems that shape institutions. These institutions include workplaces, schools, universities, the media and government. The Commission reiterates its call for the Australian Government to implement the National anti-racism framework as a priority. 

Key findings

• Racism doesn’t always show up as overt behaviour – it’s also embedded in policies, practices and cultures that produce unequal outcomes.
• Experiences of structural racism are interconnected. An intersectional and nuanced approach that recognises distinct experiences of racism but addresses their root causes holistically will benefit all communities in the long-term.
• Racism is not just a social issue. For organisations and institutions, it’s a strategic risk.
• Current systems are failing people affected by racism.