This guide is designed to address the need for further extending the scope and ambition of building sector actions in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), the opportunities for aligning with commitments made by non-party actors, and the renewed support for successively increasing ambition and implementing actions of NDCs. It provides a simple process for incorporating or...

This book presents detailed pathways to achieve 100% renewable energy by 2050, globally and across ten geographical regions.

New energy technologies are cheaper than fossil fuels for electricity and will soon be cheaper for transport. Engineers have increased the feasibility ceiling of renewables to far above the current penetration levels in most countries. Meanwhile, there is rising global concern about local pollution and global warming.

While China has made immense investments in science and technology, and while these are producing results, it is still dependent on Western technology. This is particularly true for semiconductors. China’s dependence on foreign semiconductors has worried Beijing for decades. China suspects that Western semiconductors contain “backdoors,” intentional vulnerabilities that can be exploited for intelligence and...

The aim of the paper is to examine the long-term relationship between economic complexity, energy consumption structure, and greenhouse gas emission, within a panel of European Union countries and two subpanels: (i) European economies with higher economic complexity and (ii) European economies with a lower level of economic complexity. Taking into consideration the heterogeneity among...