This discussion paper has been developed by Koi Tū: The Centre for Informed Futures through a series of conversations with industry leaders, scientists and stakeholders. It seeks to further conversation on the issues confronting the future of New Zealand’s agricultural and food production system. The paper does not attempt to provide prescriptive answers; rather, its purpose is to encourage the multidimensional discussion that is needed at a national level, recognising that the future of the food production system cannot be considered in isolation from our environmental, cultural, social and economic futures.