Green technologies, such as wind turbines and electric vehicles, are developed using critical raw materials. While central to achieving the government’s green industrial revolution and creating thousands of new jobs, supply chain risks threaten to undermine the transition to net-zero. Furthermore, the mining and processing of these materials can also cause considerable environmental destruction, social impacts and drive climate change.

This document argues that by cutting energy demand, improving efficiency and keeping these materials in use for longer, the United Kingdom can stay within its global fair share of resources.