This research has revealed the key characteristics needed in a modern public service, with priorities ranging across leadership, digital service delivery, workforce development, cross-departmental integration, and citizen trust. The report found that relationships between civil servants and ministers are becoming increasingly strained, with populist politics often making it difficult to speak truth to power.

Research was undertaken, including interviews with twelve senior civil service leaders from around the world, to identify how public services are responding to unprecedented challenges. 

 Officials find themselves torn between serving the requests of ministers seeking quick political solutions and upholding their “stewardship” function as public servants working in the nation’s long-term interest. Meanwhile, global pressures – such as conflicts, ageing populations, the transition to net zero and post-Covid economic recovery – are placing huge strain on public services.

Five pillars of a modern, effective, civil service

1. Strong leadership with mutual respect and alignment between ministers and senior officials.
2. Building a highly skilled, inclusive and thriving public sector workforce.
3. Fostering an agile, digital, and risk-taking culture focused on delivery.
4. Implementing working structures that transcend organisational silos.
5. Cultivating a service trusted by its users and the public.