This report provides definitions that explain the nuances of a polluted information space, because precise language is crucial to help us understand the problems we are facing, particularly as technology and social media evolve. It offers an overview of the mis- and disinformation landscape in Australia by covering the dominating trends and narratives in the past few years in several key areas including, the COVID-19 pandemic, the federal election and climate.

The report notes the progress Australian regulators and those abroad, industry associations and civil society organisations have made in the past years on tackling the rampant mis- and disinformation on social media. The development and effectiveness of different industry interventions, one of the most common methods being fact-checking, is also discussed. The report ends with recommendations for policy-makers, news media and academics specific to the Australian landscape in the hope of cutting down harmful information that has a direct impact on people's lives, health and safety. These will also serve as lessons for other countries facing similar issues.