Debates over fees, workforce shortages and equitable access have kept early childhood education and care (ECEC) consistently high on the policy and political agenda. This paper outlines the current issues in ECEC and the policy offerings of the major parties for the 2025 federal election. It suggests the key battles will be over cost-of-living relief on fees and the role of government in shaping the sector. 

The last few years have seen a range of policy developments in ECEC in Australia. Subsidies have increased for many families, educators have received a pay increase, and access has been expanded through recent ‘Three Day Guarantee’ reforms. 

Removing the barriers to accessing care has been central to the most recent policy reforms, signifying that the key legislative foundations for a ‘universal’ system are now in place. Yet ECEC remains in constant flux, with ongoing changes shaping affordability, availability and quality. 

The paper highlights the differences between the policy offerings, reflecting a broader philosophical divide between those who see ECEC as a fee for service market and those who view it as a fundamental social and educational right. The outcome of the election is likely to determine whether a universal system becomes a reality.

ECEC is not just about childcare, or education, it is also about workforce participation, gender equality, the cost of raising a family and the household budget.